AAV Packaging Cell Line

BioInnovatise Viral Vector Team

Updated December 9, 2024

Efficient AAV packaging depends heavily on selecting the right cell line which impacts the yield, quality, and functionality of the recombinant AAV particles. The HEK293T cell line is highly recommended and utilized because of its high transfection efficiency, SV40 T-antigen expression, and serotype flexibility. However there are many other options when it comes to AAV packaging cell lines.

Not sure which is best for your project? Our viral vector team at BioInnovatise is here to help you choose the ideal cell line for your AAV based research.

Read more about adenovirus packaging cell line, lentivirus packaging cell line, and retrovirus packaging cell line options.

Which Cell Lines Are Used for AAV Packaging?

AAV is a highly utilized viral vector because it’s non-pathogenic, low immunogenic, and provides long term gene expression in both dividing and non-dividing cells, making it ideal for gene therapy and other areas of precision medicine medicine. 

AAV Diagram
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The above diagram illustrates the AAV packaging process at BioInnovatise, where our team uses HEK293T cells for AAV packaging. Determining which cell line to use is important in the co-transfection step, but has downstream impacts, including titering. To learn more, read about our AAV packaging protocol

Here are some commonly used cell lines for adenovirus production and transduction:

HEK293T Cells: Derived from human embryonic kidney cells transformed with adenovirus E1A gene, these cells are widely used for AAV packaging due to their high transfection efficiency, rapid growth, and ability to produce large quantities of viral vectors. The SV40 large T antigen present in HEK293T cells enables enhanced plasmid replication and protein expression, making them particularly advantageous for gene therapy and viral vector production. This is the preferred cell line for AAV packaging at BioInnovatise.

HEK293 (Human Embryonic Kidney 293) Cells: Human embryonic kidney cells created in 1973 by transforming primary kidney cells with sheared adenovirus type 5 DNA. These cells are prized in molecular biology for their robust growth, high transfection efficiency, and exceptional ability to produce recombinant proteins and viral vectors.

PerC6 Cells: Human retina-derived cell line engineered to express adenoviral E1 region genes. PerC6 cells are optimized for large-scale production and generate high viral yields with good safety profiles. This cell line is ideal for large scale manufacturing for cGMP productions.

Sf Cells: Insect cell line originally derived from fall armyworm ovarian tissue. Advantageous for baculovirus-mediated protein expression and viral vector production, particularly useful for large-scale manufacturing.

Sf9 Cells: Insect cell line derived from ovarian tissue of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. Particularly advantageous for baculovirus expression systems and large-scale protein and viral vector production.

LSR Cells: Lung epithelial cells derived from a human lung adenocarcinoma. Provide an alternative to HEK293 cells with potentially different glycosylation profiles and cellular characteristics that can impact viral vector production and tropism.

A549 Cells: Human lung carcinoma cell line that is useful for viral production due to their epithelial-like characteristics and ability to support viral replication. 

What Are the Best Cell Lines for Packaging AAV?

Figuring out what the best cell line for packaging AAV is depends on the research application. The HEK293T cell line is a very common cell line for packaging AAV for several major reasons including:

  • High Transfection Efficiency: HEK293T cells are easily transfected using standard methods like calcium phosphate or lipofection, ensuring robust plasmid delivery.
  • SV40 T-Antigen Expression: HEK293T cells express the SV40 large T antigen, which allows episomal replication of plasmids containing an SV40 origin of replication, boosting plasmid expression.
  • Adaptability to Serum-Free Media and Suspension Culture: HEK293T cells can be adapted for large scale production in bioreactors, making them ideal for industrial applications.
  • Human Origin: HEK293T cells’ human origin often results in human-compatible post-translational modifications, enhancing the functional properties of the packaged AAV.
  • Established Protocols: Decades of research have refined protocols for AAV production in HEK293T cells, providing consistent and reproducible results.
  • AAV Serotype Choice: HEK293T cells are compatible with packaging a variety of adeno-associated virus serotypes, making them versatile for different applications. Learn more about AAV serotypes.

If you’re unsure which AAV packaging cell line is right for you, contact our team

Learn about our quick turnaround AAV packaging services.

Want to learn more about the latest in AAV based research? Our colleagues at ScienceDirect and Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News are always collecting and publishing the latest information on AAV based research.

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